when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,既可以指時(shí)間段,也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn),從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,且動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。
When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. (刮風(fēng)時(shí),的門都嘎嘎作響。)
如果when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同,而從句的謂語(yǔ)又是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么從句中的主語(yǔ)和be可以省略; 當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),往往還可以用“when+分詞”的形式替代該狀語(yǔ)從句。
When you are in trouble, ask her for help. (當(dāng)你遇到困難時(shí),向她求助。)
注意:when從句動(dòng)作,持續(xù)時(shí)間短,時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去
主句動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行。
I was doing my homework when Tim came in.
(Tim進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我正在做作業(yè)。)
Sally was making a cake when her baby started to cry.
(當(dāng)Sally正在做蛋糕時(shí),她的嬰兒開始哭了起來(lái)。)
while表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)持續(xù)地進(jìn)行,用于這一用法時(shí)while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,或者主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行過(guò)程中,主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
Last summer,I met her while I was at school.(去年夏天,我在學(xué)校的時(shí)候遇到了她。)
注意:while從句動(dòng)作,持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行。
主句動(dòng)作,如果是短暫性的(如例句g),時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去。
主句動(dòng)作,如果是持續(xù)性的(如例句h),時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行。
Jane’s dog went out while she was sleeping.(當(dāng)Jane睡覺(jué)時(shí),他的狗出去了。)
While I was washing the dishes, my sister was cleaning her room.(我在洗碗的時(shí)候,我妹妹在打掃房間。)
as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示“當(dāng)……時(shí),一邊……一邊……”,側(cè)重表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作),或者一種動(dòng)作隨著另一種動(dòng)作的變化而變化。
I saw him as he was getting off the bus. (正當(dāng)他下公共汽車時(shí), 我看見了他。)
注意:從句正在發(fā)生,主句也正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中.
as 從句多數(shù)為一般過(guò)去時(shí).表示持續(xù)性的,在……的同時(shí)/過(guò)程中”
The students took notes as they listened. (學(xué)生們邊聽邊記筆記。)
表達(dá)的事件,往往只是主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí),翻譯成“隨著……”
As the time went on,the weather got worse.(隨著時(shí)間的推移,氣候更加糟糕.)
如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,as 從句也可以用正在進(jìn)行時(shí).
As we was going out,it began to snow.(我們出門時(shí),就開始下雪了。)